The Four Philosophical Definitions Of Justice - 1840 Words

The Four Philosophical Definitions of Justice Richard DeVivo PSC 200-1001 Prof. Bradley 9 February 2015 In Books I and II of The Republic of Plato Translated by Allan Bloom, there many definitions of justice. Socrates knows the definition from the start of the discussion but he wont reveal the definition until he believes Cephalus, Polemarchus, Thrasymachus, and Glaucon come up with their own definitions of justice. If they are wrong the discussion continues until they reach consensus, which is hard for them because Socrates masks his definition pretty well. For them to come up with a definition they have to look at the big picture. In book I they talk about what it means to be just. In book II they talk more about justice in the city as a whole. So in order to figure out what the true definition of justice is, you have to look at the big picture otherwise the definition can be skewed. Lastly you have to develop the definition yourself and learn and further develop your definition from talking with other people because that is the best form of education. In Book I Cephalus is the first one to give a definition of justice. His first definition that he gave was â€Å"shall we simply assert that it is the truth and giving back what has a man taken from another (Bloom 331C).† Socrates then says that this definition is hard to disprove. â€Å"I understand,.. A man does not give what is owed in giving back gold to someone who has deposited it, when the giving andShow MoreRelatedJustice Is The Best Choice For Its Own Sake1307 Words   |  6 PagesRepublic, is a classic philosophical novel that covers many points and topics regarding philosophy. One of these main points includes justice. In this essay I will be answering the question of whether justice in soul is choice worthy for its own sake. While this topic is quite complex, I will use a mixture of personal analysis as well as evidence from the book itself to assert that justice in soul is the best choice for its own sake. In the following paragraphs I will discuss what justice in the soul isRead MoreEssay on Community Policing and Problem-Oriented Policing1408 Words   |  6 Pagesdifference between the two. For one, community policing has many definitions. For some, it means instituting foot and bicycle patrols and doing acts pertaining to the ideal bond between police officers and their community. While for others it means maintaining order and cleaning up neighborhoods in desperate need of repair (Dunham Alpert, 2005). However, an idyllic definition of community policing is altering the traditional definition of crime control to community problem-solving and promising toRead MorePhl/215 Philosophy Matrix988 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material Philosophy Matrix   Ã‚  Field |   Ã‚  Definition | Historical Developments  Ã‚   |   Ã‚  Schools Of Thought |   Ã‚  Key Contributors  Ã‚  Ã‚   |   Ã‚  Principal Issues | Epistemology | The study of knowledge: What constitutes knowledge, the nature of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible | Pre-Socratics observe and seek to define physical phenomena.Socrates studied human behavior and tried to determine the essential nature of knowledge.AristotleRead MoreMy Personal Nursing Philosophy726 Words   |  3 PagesThe integration of nursing theories with a philosophical perspective lays the framework for nursing practice (McCurry, Revell Roy, 2008). My philosophy of nursing is to provide holistic care meeting the  physical, social, economic, cognitive, and spiritual health of a person. This philosophy embraces the four elements of the nursing metaparadigm, which is person, environment, health, and nursing. While theorists have differing concepts and definitions of nursing, the American Nurses AssociationRead MoreCompare And Contrast Aquinas Virtuous Man And Passions1350 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the many arguments regarding the relation ship between the virtuous man and passions discussed by St. Thomas Aquinas, one argument, in particular, stands out for its agreement with the philosophical view of the Stoics. While Aquinas is a prominent Catholic philosopher and theologian known for his argumentative style of defending and teaching Catholic doctrine as well as providing insightful and compelling outlooks regarding ethical matters, the Stoics are known for their staunch and whatRead MoreThe Elements Of Nursing Research1431 Words   |  6 Pagesmodel more in depth in order to appropriately apply the research findings to their nursing practice. This article defines a theory and a conceptual model, identifies their major concepts, and summarizes the differences and similarities of the two. Definition and Characteristics of Theory According to Nancy Burns, Professor at Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, a theory is an integrated set of defined concepts and statements that projects a systemic view of the phenomenon. She contendsRead MoreNatural Law : The Human Conception Of Justice Or Moral Right1181 Words   |  5 Pagesbroadly as a philosophical belief that the human conception of justice or moral right is common to all humans and derived from nature. However it’s definition has been highly debated across history and therefore different definitions must be used as to not misinterpret the ideas and principles of different strains of thought within natural law (Boucher, 2009, P.19). It is also very important to distinguish how rights are understood in natural law, which is another contested definition. Rights in termsRead MoreDefining Characteristics From Western Civilization946 Words   |  4 Pages44). Outlasting monarchies and tyrannies, a democracy is, â€Å"a type of Greek gov ernment in which all citizens, without regard to birth or wealth, administered the working of government; it translates as the power of people† (McKay 45). Although the definition says power of people, the only people with power at the time were free men. Slaves and women were considered to have no rights. Today democracy is seen as the right for all people to have a say in what kind of actions the government takes. It technicallyRead MoreWestern Civilization And Its Impact On Modern Society942 Words   |  4 Pages44). Outlasting monarchies and tyrannies, a democracy is, â€Å"a type of Greek government in which all citizens, without regard to birth or wealth, administered the working of government; it translates as the power of people† (McKay 45). Although the definition says power of people, the only people with power at the time were free men. Slaves and women were considered to have no rights. Today democracy is seen as the right for all people to have a say in wh at kind of actions the government takes. It technicallyRead MoreThe Goals of Hinduism and Buddhism Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pagesimmensely. Both Hinduism and Buddhism are more philosophical than religious. Both describe an all-encompassing philosophy and define existence itself. For instance, the essential Hindu concept defining the individual and his responsibilities is dharma. A convoluted term, dharma is a sense of obligation. One must fulfill his roles in society and the world. Such responsibilities include reproduction and caste duties, but extend into the philosophical realm of peaceful and humble acceptance of ones

Essay about The Abolition of Discrimination Against Women...

The Kuwaiti Ministry of Justice published a declaration of recruitment in function of a legal novice researcher, which is the first step for appointment as Prosecutor, described in the introduction to this post for males only, is a State in the abolition of discrimination against women, which had made a step forward in the past year, while the Ministry accepted at once, for the first time in the history of Kuwait, alumni rights who were appointed to posts legal researcher, qualified them to act as agents on behalf of their colleagues, as the males in the judiciary, in accordance with the Constitution The prohibition of discrimination on grounds of sex, in accordance with international agreements already signed by the State of Kuwait to†¦show more content†¦And what does the performance of a group of people are in a position to perform other persons will be admitted in the future, if this provision in advance came on a discriminatory basis has nothing to do with the quality o f work but also by the kind of humanitarian. Analysis of case Clearly the illegality of this Declaration is not justification for the distinction between equally qualified persons per legal centers, with fulfillment of all legal requirements required in the job. In this Declaration the Administration use its deviation to the difference in treatment between the prevalence of legal positions and creating differentiation through the Palace to receive requests from the legal position of the prevalence per job as only males without females, which was a strong presumption the governing authority and delinquency is characterized a without another unnecessary. As the difference in treatment between provide legal centre’s without a legal basis is favoring a range at the expense of the other communities, regardless of the reasons for this trend and thus become the legality of this Declaration is in doubt. In this paradox is clear of the meaning of equality, that is until all the law and the Constitution and the excessively lavish and unjustified in the scale ofShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. 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Parts of a Research Proposal Essay Example For Students

Parts of a Research Proposal Essay Generally, the principal investigator, his or her department head, and an official representing the University sign the title page, In addition, the title page usually includes the Universes/s reference number for the proposal, the name of the agency to which the proposal is being submitted, the title of the proposal, the proposed starting date and budget period, the total funds requested, the name and address of the University unit submitting the proposal, and the date submitted. Some agencies van the title page to specify whether the proposal is for a new or continuing project. And some ask to which there agencies the proposal is being submitted. A good title is usually a compromise between conciseness and explicitness. Although titles should be comprehensive enough to indicate the nature Of the proposed work, they should also be brief. One good way to cut the length of titles is to avoid words that add nothing to a readers understanding such as Studies n Investigations , or Research on Some Problems in. The Abstract Every proposal, even very brief ones, should have an abstract. Some readers read only the abstract, and most readers rely on it initially to give them a quick overview tooth proposal and later to refresh their memory of its main points. Agencies often use the abstract alone in their compilations of research projects funded or in disseminating information about cutlets projects. Though it appears first, the abstract should be written last, as a c oncise summary (approximately 200 words) of the proposal. It should appear on a page by itself numbered with a small Roman numeral if the proposal has a table of contents and with an Arabic number if it does not. To present the essential meaning of the proposal, the abstract should memorize or at least Suggest the answers to all the questions mentioned in the Introduction above, except the one about cost (which is excluded on the grounds that the abstract is subject to a Wider public distribution than the rest Of the proposal). Certainly the major objectives of the project and the procedures to be followed in meeting these Objectives should be mentioned. The abstract speaks for the proposal when it is separated from it, provides the reader with his first impression of the request, and, by acting as a summary, frequently provides him also with his last. Thus it is the most important single element in the proposal. The Table of Contents, Very brief proposals with few sections ordinarily do not need a table of contents: the guiding consideration in this is the readers convenience. Long and detailed proposals may require, in addition to a table of contents, a list of illustrations (or tigers) and a list of tables. If all of these are included, they should follow the order mentioned, and each should be numbered with lower-case Roman numerals. If they are brief, more than one can be put on a single page, The table of contents should list all major parts and divisions (including the abstract, even though it precedes the table of contents). Subdivisions usually need not be listed. Again, the convenience Of the reader should be the guiding consideration. The Introduction. The introduction off proposal should begin with a capsule statement Of What is being proposed and then should proceed to introduce the subject to a stranger. You should not assume that your reader is familiar with your subject. Administrators and program officers in sponsoring agencies want to get a general idea of the proposed work before passing the proposal to reviewers who can judge its technical merit. Thus the introduction should be impermissible to an informed layman. It should give enough background to enable him to place your particular research problem in a context of common knowledge and should show how its solution will advance the field or be important tort some other work. Awe careful not to overstate, but do not neglect to state very specifically what the importance of your research is, In introducing the research problem, it is sometimes helpful to say what it is not, especially, if it could easily be confused with related work. You may also need to explain the underlying assumption of your research or the hypotheses you will e using. Fifth detailed exposition of the proposed research will be long or complex, the introduction may well end by specifying the order and arrangement of the sections. Such a preview helps a reviewer begin his reading with an orderly impression of the proposal and the assurance that he can get from it what he needs to know. The general tone of the introduction should reflect a sober self-confidence. A touch Of enthusiasm is not out Of place, but extravagant promises are anathema to most reviewers. The Background Section. This section may not be necessary if the proposal is elatedly simple and if the introduction can present the relevant background in a few sentences. If previous or related work must be discussed in some detail, however, or if the literature of the subject must be reviewed, a background or literature review section is desirable, A background discussion of your own previous work usually can be less detailed than the customary progress report. Here you should not attempt to account for time and money spent on previous grants but rather point your discussion to the proposed new (or continuing) research. Sufficient details should be given in his discussion (l) to make clear what the research problem is and exactly what has been accomplished; (2) to give evidence of your own competence in the field; and (3) to show why the previous work needs to be continued. Some sponsors want to know also who has funded the previous work. Literature reviews should be selective and critical. Reviewers do not want to read through a voluminous working bibliography; they want to know the especially pertinent works and your evaluation of them. Modification of Piagets conservation tasks EssayThe biographical data sheets should follow immediately after the explanatory text of the personnel section, unless the agency guidelines specify a different format, gore extremely large program proposals with eight or more participants, the data sheets may be given separately in an appendix. All biographical data sheets within the proposal should be in a common format. A convenient, easily read format is illustrated in the sample following this item. These sheets should be confined to relevant information. Data on marital status, children, hobbies, civic activities, etc. Should not be included unless the sponsors instructions call or them. The list Of publications can be selected either for their pertinence to the proposed work or for their intrinsic worth. All books written and a selection Of recent or important journal articles Mitten may well be listed, but there is no need to fill several pages with a bibliography. The list can b e labeled Selected Publications, Recent Publications, or Pertinent Publications, whichever best fits the facts. The Budget Section. The budget should be worked out with the appropriate DREAD project representative. Sponsors customarily specify how budgets should be presented and vat costs are allowable. The overview given here is for preliminary guidance only. The budget section may require not only the tabular budget (a simple format is illustrated in the sample given here) but also a budget summary and explanation or budget justification if the budget is complicated or if all its details are not made completely clear by the text of the proposal. The need for consultants, for example, or the unavailability within the university of an item of equipment proposed for purchase may need to be explained. Foreign travel should be specifically detailed and justified, not combined with domestic travel, and the deed to travel to professional meetings should be tied specifically to the proposed project, if possible. Typical divisions of the tabular budget are personnel, equipment, supplies, travel, and indirect costs. Other categories, Of course, can be added as needed. The budget should make clear how the totals for each category of expenses are reached. Salary information, for example, often needs to be specified in detail: principal investigator (1/2 time for 3 months at ASS,OHO ) = 54,000. If salary totals involve two different rates (because of an anticipated increase in salary during the budget period), this should be made clear. The category of personnel includes not only the base salary or wage for each person to be employed by the project but also (listed separately) the percentage added for staff benefits. The current figure used for approximately the average cost of staff benefits is 30% of the total salaries and wages. Project representatives should be consulted on the calculation of staff benefits, because the rate may vary significantly owing to the kinds of personnel involved and the selected benefit option. A table is available from DREAD, Graduate Student Research Assistants who are to be employed on research projects for more than 1/2 time, may have part of their tuition costs covered by their unit, The remaining tuition costs must be included as a line item in the budget to the sponsor. Any costs absorbed by the University should be shown as cost sharing. A more detailed description of this procedure may be found in the Administration Of Sponsored Projects booklet available from DREAD. Indirect costs are shown as a separate category, usually as the last item before the grand total. Indirect costs are figured as a fixed percentage Of the total erect costs (modified by various exceptions). Exceptions include equipment, graduate research assistant tuition, the amount of subcontracts over $10,000, and the separate indirect cost centers: Computing Center Services, unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, and the Michigan Memorial Phoenix Laboratory. Because these fixed indirect cost percentages change each year, after negotiation with the federal government, proposal writers should consult a DREAD project representative before calculating this part of their budget. Cost sharing, which is required by many sponsors, can be shown as a separate alumna labeled IS-M, as illustrated in the sample budget. Frequently a portion of the salary of the principal investigator, paid from University funds, with its related staff benefits and indirect costs, can be used to sati$ cost-sharing requirements. To call attention to the variety of expenses that might arise in the conduct of a research project, a checklist of possible budget items is included here. This checklist suggests many of the expenses that might be appropriate to your budget, but consultation with the project representative is still very important. He can help ensure (I) that the budget has not omitted appropriate elements f cost, such as page charges for publication in professional journals, or service charges for the use Of certain University facilities (for example, surveys conducted by the Institute for Social Research), and so on; (2) that any estimates for construction, alterations, or equipment installation have been properly obtained and recorded; (3) that costs are not duplicated veneer the direct and indirect cost categories; (4) that the budget complies With any cost-sharing requirements of the sponsor; (5) that provisions are made for the escalation of costs as may be appropriate; and (6) that costs in all categories are realistically estimated.

Marketing Plan Essay Sample free essay sample

A. Selling Planning Defined Marketing Planning – is a systematic attack to the development of selling scheme and the accomplishment of ends. B. Stairss in Marketing Planning Procedure 1. Determination of Organizational ObjectiveThe basic aims. or ends. of the organisation are the get downing point for marketing planning. They serve as the foundation from which marketing aims and programs are built. These aims provide way for all stages of the organisation and service as criterions in measuring public presentation. Soundly conceived ends should be S. M. A. R. T – particular. mensurable. come-at-able. realistic and time-specific. 2. Measuring Organizational ResourcesPlaning schemes are influenced by a figure of factors both within and outside the organisation. Organizational resources include capablenesss in production. selling. finance. engineering. and forces. By measuring these resources. organisations can nail their strengths and failings. Strengths aid organisations set aims. develop programs for run intoing aims. and take advantage of selling chances. Resource weaknesses. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page on the other manus. may suppress an organisation from taking advantage of selling chances. 3. Measuring Risks and OpportunitiesEnvironmental factors – competitory. political. legal. economic. technological and societal – besides influence selling chances. The outgrowth of new engineerings or inventions may open new chances for under-marketed merchandises. The selling environment may besides present menaces to selling chances. For illustration. a new genetically engineered drug may be developed with the potency to go a $ 1 billion-a-year merchandise. But a authorities bureau may detain petitions to market the drug due to ordinances. 4. Selling SchemeThe net consequence of chance analysis is the preparation of marketing aims designed to accomplish overall organisational aims and develop a selling program. The selling planning attempt must be directed toward set uping selling schemes that are resource efficient. flexible. and adaptable. The selling scheme is the overall company plan for choosing a peculiar mark market and so fulfilling consumers in that section. 5. Implementing and Monitoring Marketing PlansThe overall strategic selling program serves as the footing for a series of operating programs necessary to travel the organisation toward achievement of its aims. At every measure of the selling planning procedure. selling directors use feedback to supervise and accommodate schemes when existent public presentation fails to fit outlooks. C. Contents of a Selling Plan 1. Development of Aims †¢ Secure funding for start-up of at least 1Million for infinite and equipment.†¢ To Make a cosy. creative person friendly environment†¢ Become selected as the â€Å"Best new java saloon in the area†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ To advance a profitable and sustainable concern activity that meets the customers’ demands†¢ To increase the company’s market portion†¢ To increase the company’s function in dealingss to societal duty†¢ To supply first-class client service†¢ to acquire the customers’ trust and support