The Hunchback of Notre Dame Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Essay Example However, in the film Hunchback of Notre Dame, there occurs classism, dictatorship, classism, discrimination due to physical appearance. Classism is common in our modern society. Our society comprises of different groups leading to the formation of classes. There occurs the middle class, high class and the low class (Cudd, 105). People in the high class have some privileges and accorded respect in the society. They are treated in a special way unlike the rest of the classes. Middle class group enjoy few privileges unlike those offered to the high-class group. The worst affected comprises the low class group. People in the low class experience various forms of discrimination and enjoy few privileges compared to the other class groups. For instance, they live in slums; have little access to social services such as proper health care, poor sanitation, often manipulated politically by people from the high-class group (Cudd, 106). Just like in the film The Hunchback of Notre Dame, the king is referred as His most Christian Majesty, Louis XI. This indicates that he is highly regarded in the society and thus had massive pow er and privileges bestowed upon him (Wallace). Therefore, he belongs to the high class. Moreover, the archbishop belongs to the middle class while the kings’ subjects comprise the low class group. This group does not enjoy some of the privileges enjoyed by the king and the archbishop. Dictatorship forms another form of oppression in the society. In most societies, kings and rulers have some autonomous powers bestowed upon them. Such powers and privileges do not exist with the subjects and thus contribute to oppression. In most instances, some actions and conducts by the rulers go unquestionable since the subjects may fear victimization. Just like in the film, king Louis XI is regarded as His Most Christian Majesty thus, making him the ruler and preside over all religious functions with the

Misinterpretation of Symbols Essay Example for Free

Misinterpretation of Symbols Essay Now days people tend to have a fashion use for certain symbols such as the heart, cross, peace sign, etc. without taking in consideration that it might offend others. Symbols are used worldwide to represent many things like religion and emotions, but we have to keep in mind that some symbols look or are the same in many cultures but they do not always have the same meaning. Many societies have forgotten the original meaning of a symbol, replacing it with a more modern one, to prove this I decided to quiz four of my friends. I showed them five different symbols and asked them to tell me the first thing that came to their minds. The symbols I used consisted of four that have been around for many years and one relatively new. The pentagram, the inverted cross, the trident, the swastika and the heartogram. I started with the easiest one, the heartogram, which happens to be a logo created by the band HIM, though recently it has taken the meaning of love and hate or live and death. All four recognized this symbol from the band and knew the meanings for it. When I showed them the trident, three responded to represent the Devil, and one said it’s the symbol for Poseidon, the sea God. I was actually surprised that this was his first response, when I asked him why was his this first response he said was,† I remember seeing it in the ‘the Da Vinci code’ movie†. I am glad that he could remember such a tiny detail of that movie. Another famous symbol is the inverted cross, all four responded that it represents evil, the Devil and metal bands. They found it shocking when I informed them that before it had all those meanings, it originally is a trademark of Saint Peter, the first Pope, at first they did not believe me so I showed them what I had found on my research. Before Saint Peter was crucified he requested that he be crucified upside down because he did not feel worth of dying in the same way as Jesus. We all found ironic that those who wear this symbol to show their admiration to the Devil are actually showing humility towards God. The fourth symbol I showed my friends was the pentagram, again another symbol the before the twentieth century did not have any association with evil. All four of my friends said it represents the man, but that is not its only meaning. The first drawings found of the pentagram are of unknown meaning, but as time passed it became the symbol for many things. It has represented from marking the direction in Sumerian texts, represented the five visible planets, symbol to the planet Venus and the goddess, to being the official seal of the city of Jerusalem. It can represent the five elements, air, fire, earth, water and spirit. A more religious association is to the five wounds of Christ. One more thing that I found interesting is the layout of Washington DC, where some streets form the pentagram, with the pentagon being in the middle, the white house at the apex and the other monuments at the other points. Last we have the swastika; we all know it is a symbol that had been used by Hitler to represent racism and the â€Å"white supremacy† of neo-Nazis. Before the use that Hitler gave this symbol, it has also been used in Egypt, China and India. The swastika also represents the sun and the four directions in some cultures. When I was researching the swastika symbol I came across an article about the marines posing in a picture with the U. S. flagged as well as a flag with the notorious Nazi SS symbol. The marines though that the SS represented their own sniper scouts team. I came to the conclusion that not everything is as it appears to be, one must always be sure of the symbols they use in a daily life, we might offend many people without even knowing about it. In most of the cases were we happened to offend someone we can apologized for our ignorance. In the end I think all of us should take some time to learn about other cultures just as we ask those who come from around the world here to learn ours.

Robert Frost Home Burial - The Three Tragedies of Home Burial Essay

The Three Tragedies of Home Burial  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Robert Frost’s "Home Burial" is a narrative poem that speaks of life’s tragedies. The theme of "Home Burial† centers around the death of a child. During the time period in which the poem is set, society dictated that men did not show their feelings. Therefore, men dealt with conflicts by working hard and being domineering. "Home Burial" demonstrates how one tragedy can cause another to occur. The unnamed couple in this poem has lost a baby to death. The mother grieves openly, and it could be said that she has never recovered from this loss; bereaved parents never forget, but most people in this position gradually work out a way of dealing with their grief, and go on with their lives. This the young mother cannot do. The baby is buried in the family graveyard, which is visible from an upstairs window of their house. Day after day she goes to the stairway window looking out upon the nearby family plot. The sight of the raw mound where her child lies buried reopens her grief. But, another emotion wells up as well – anger and bitterness at her husband, which is at first unexplained. The first hint of the rift between them shows up on lines twelve to thirteen, she "refused him any help, with the least stiffening of her neck and silence." Their dialogue is cold and antagonistic. "What is it—what? /Just that I see. / You don’t, she challenged. /Tell me what it is."(18-19). The death of child, which should bind husband and wife closer in their common grief, pries them apart instead (Gerber 128). In the husband’s first two lines as wells his last one, his attitude toward his wife is domineering and seems insensitive. First he tells her " he wants to know" what she keeps looking at ... ...n the mind’s eye one could see the gravel sliding back into the hole. We could actually visualize the mound getting higher. There were three different tragedies that transpired throughout this poem. The burial of the child was first; second was the burial of the marriage and finally the most symbolic and ironic tragedy is the burial of the home. Because of unfortunate circumstances these three things became closely associated with the home being buried. All of these tragedies occurred as a result of the child’s burial. The couple’s marriage could not survive such an emotional loss. Therefore the marriage becomes buried. When the marriage became buried the home became its own burial spot for this family’s life. Works Cited: Frost, Robert. 1972. "Home Burial." Robert Frost’s Poetry and Prose. Ed. Edward Connery Latham and Lawrence Thompson. New York: Holt.

Albertsons Works on Employee Attitudes essay

ALBERTSONS WORKS ON EMPLOYEE ATTITUDES 1. The Successful Life program made by Foreman's dramatically influences the company's profitability. This program made a transparency between the management and the employee. Like for example on the 1st day they begin it in inspirational hand-out. In this case management build and let their employee know what was the goal of the company and what are those things that they have to do t contribute in the company success. The program also encourage each individual most especially those that is in the lower position to appreciate their present in the company.It is very important that we will not set aside our employee. As much as possible management should recognize them and let them feel that they are important in an organization. In return this employee will give their best and contribute their knowledge for the benefit of the company. Remember the best asset of a company is the employee!. 2. † Positive attitude is the single biggest thing that can change a business†. It's right! If we think positively our outcome will be positive. What if for example we made a mistake then other people see that mistake. Some treat it as negative but for some they treat it as positive.Positive in the sense that they treat it as opportunity or room for improvement. So! if all the employee will be motivated well and lead it to company's goal the change in business will be more like easier. Appreciate each individual; positive attitude is like building and empowering employee by sharing each individual talent and skill. 3. I should have to monitor if this program are really effective. I should have not to think for the benefit of the company. I have to look the feedback on how my employee turns it into productivity. It was like building relationship with my employee.But still with this program there is a risk. What if my employee leave me after this program?. If this program will last for example three months then with that period I should see little changes in our business. I had a experience regarding giving this kind of program some of my co worker undergone the program just left the company and went abroad. What happen was management was very disappointed because they will contribute it to other company. 4. Foreman's program was pretty much good. I think I should have to relate it in my real work. Every morning we have what we so called circle meeting.Like in Foreman's program we try to share each experience on shifting period we share the problem we encounter in the line then what are those things that we've done. Every third week of the month we had a Plant wide meeting were in all the question and concern were raise. This Foreman's program seems to be motivating to every employee because this program gives each individual importance. In this kind of program employee encourage to contribute and share their talents. It's not just always work we should not put pressure in our workplace. At least in a mean while we have to put some relaxation so that our employee will be more productive.

Using Examples Compare and Contrast the Characteristics

Using examples compare and contrast the characteristics of both managers and leaders. Introduction: Leadership and management are two bipolar systems of worker administration in current business environment as defined by Kumle and Kelly (2000, 8). It is a topic most debated upon due to the similar characteristic of the roles they play in an organization which often intertwine. Leaders and managers are however disparate in their nature of act. As applied in a team-based organizational structure, the argument is that managers and leaders differs in the perceived entailment of authority they posses as viewed by their employees.However, they compliment one another and can be cultivated in order to be effectual. In this essay we will discuss how the traits of managers and leaders contrast one another by comparison. We will then analyze and evaluate how these differences can offset the other leading to the conclusion that both positions are highly congruent in order to achieve an effective situational leadership approach in an organization, eliminating the â€Å"false dichotomy† between the two (Adair 2005, 31).It is vitally important for leaders to posses not only leadership quality but also substantiated managerial skills, and vice versa, especially in today’s cutthroat business environment. Leaders and managers are often confused due to the stark similarity of authoritative position they entails but are different in their defining factors. They are the same because of their essential role of being the person in the lead of the employees and being their source of command.However they are different in the effect they play in an organization as well as the perspective they emanates to the employees as well as the world. Leadership is the aptitude to guide and direct the embodying team towards an end goal while management is the astute means of completing the targets (Kumle and Kelly 2000, 9). As the famous saying by Warren Bennis (1989), â€Å"managers do things right while leaders do the right thing†. It is essential to realize the difference because some managers might not possess certain leadership qualities, as it is that leaders might not necessarily be an ffective manager. Managers are more structural in nature through perseverance, consistency and knowledge while leaders on the adverse lean more towards an artistic and innovative mindset (Zaleznik 1992, 127). The difference lies in the nature of act. Managers often referred to the position of authority while leaders refer to an inspirational and far-sightedness innate trait of a person. The style of corporate management distinguishes leaders from managers. Being a leader refers to the possession of innate characteristics and trait models of visionaries.They are the source of inspiration as they posses illuminating qualities and attributes which would be the driving force leading the company towards success. Personality traits such as charisma, gusto, honesty, assuran ce and the ability to foster genuine connection with people (Adair 2005, 29-30) is the fundamental composition that will bring together the entire workforce to advance towards success. A manager on the other hand is the behavioral model that these leaders ought to undertake in order to be effective in committing their roles.One might be an effective manager but they may not be the epitome of a leader that will push an advance the organization beyond their limit. For example, Apple Corporation have had fair management control but they only attained its high innovative achiever status due to Steve Job’s charismatic and ground-breaking input that transformed the company (Shontell 2011). Thus, this highlights the empirical quality that is characteristically of leaders and not necessarily of managers.Therefore, the style and characteristics of managers and leaders differentiate them in terms of extend of success they produce. The nature of relationship with employee is an evident difference between leaders and managers. Leaders guide with the instinct of gaining â€Å"followers† while managers have â€Å"subordinates† (Storms 2011). Leaders do not abide the conventional mode of commanding control instead act on the ground of emancipating inspiration (King 2010) and ensuring the wellbeing and progress of the team as whole.This is because leaders are â€Å"more emotional† (Leadership Pages 1997) and are concern of the human aspect of their company. For example Phil Knight of Nike emphasizes highly on allowing mistakes and keeping a positive environment in spite of times of turmoil (Jay 2001, 92) and this train an effective pool of workers which is a result of Knight’s leadership quality of emanating inspiration and garnering trust of employees and genuine loyalty. Managers on the other hand act on a stern basis of control system.This hierarchical positioning in turn ingests a pseudo psychological disdain of workers to managers as th ey feel they are being treated with contempt as subsidiaries (Katcher and Snyder 2007, 52). This will in turn limit the willingness for employees to put in the extra effort and they will thus not produce exemplary results due to the lack of loyalty and dedication. Richard Brandson (2011) instills the importance of leaders being supportive of their employees that led the success of Virgin Company.The structural construction of the role played by managers instills this notion of quality difference of employee control in the effectiveness of managers compared to leaders. Comparing in this light, leadership must be incorporated in managerial control because to attain corporate success, it is highly essential to sustain the passion, assurance and ambition of stakeholders especially the workers as Narayana Murthy (2011), Chairman Emeritus of Infosys, suggests. Each individual have their own defining qualities and the personalities describing them might be an advantage for one in certain i ndustries.When these traits are combined with the managerial position, the personality traits would suit the respect the manager receive when they have high aspect of certain traits such as the Big Five Personality Traits (Waddell, Jones and George 2011, 133). It is important for managers, being in their position, to possess certain unique individuality to propel their quality and attractiveness as a leader especially in the magnificently transformed prospect of the current business environment.Personality type is the factor that separates leaders and managers as all personals can become good managers, but good leaders are ones who are privileged with the narcissistic personality whom people look up to due to their gripping attitude and incredible ideas that galvanize others (Maccoby 2000, 72-73). Therefore, it clearly prove that in a real world situational analyses the characteristics of both managers and leaders may differ, but they are needed to corroborate one another in order t o advocate and augment an effective form of leadership and management in an organization.The inherent individual traits of a manager determine the quality of a leader it makes. At the same time, inborn leaders without the technical qualification of a manager could not execute as an effective leader. The effectiveness of an organization is highly reliant on the synergy of leadership and management quality and this create an empowerment that will transcend the organization well beyond the competitors. Leadership quality of supplying the vision of an end goal when combined with the resourceful conscientiousness of managers would create a highly effective company that has high visualization.At the same time the common exchange of respect and inspiration they give as a leader would ingest the essence of teamwork that will propel the organization further forward as every member of the organization shares the common dedication and passion to attain their ultimate goals. This loyalty from e very contributing body can only be attained when their leader has the charisma and ability to unite the organization, at the same time possess a conscientious managerial role that would instill trust in the employees that their leader would bring success.Hence the synergy of inborn leadership traits and hardware managerial skills is the highly regarded form of leadership style that is highly respectable by the companies’ employees as well as other stakeholders and eventually become the driving force that will push the organization forward especially in the new age of business environment and ethics that is increasingly demanding and critical, as well as the democratic progress that inspire people to be more conspicuous of exercising their rights. Reference List Adair, John. 2005. How to Grow Leaders. London and Sterling, VA: Kogan Page Limited.Bennis, Warren. 1989. On Becoming A Leader. New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Brandson, Richard. 2011. Richard Brandson: Ad vice for Entrepreneurs. YouTube videos, 0:04. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=VH35Iz9veM0&feature=fvwrel Leadership Pages: The Difference Between Management And Leadership. 1997. ME96 Leadership Page. http://www. ee. ed. ac. uk/~gerard/MENG/ME96/Documents/Intro/leader. html Jay, Ros. 2001. Winning Minds. Oxford, United Kingdom: Capstone Publishing Limited. Katcher, Bruce L. and Adam Snyder. 2007. 30 Reasons Employees Hate Their Managers.United State of America: American Management Association King, William. 2010. â€Å"Distinguishing between Manager and a Leader, Are they Really Different? † Team Building Articles, August 2. http://www. 212articles. com/distinguishing-between-manager-and-a-leader-are-they-really-different/ Kumle, John and Nancy J. Kelly. 2000. â€Å"Leadership vs. Management. †Ã‚  SuperVision,  61(4), 8-10. http://search. proquest. com/docview/195590555? accountid=10382 Maccoby, Michael. 2000. â€Å"Narcissistic Leaders: The Incredible Pros, The I nevitable Cons. † Harvard Business Review, January – February Issue. http://edocs. ibrary. curtin. edu. au/eres_display. cgi? url= dc60009629. pdf©right=1 Murthy, Narayana. 2011. Narayana Murthy on Values & Leadership. YouTube videos, 3:26. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=QBaCRu7by10&feature=related Senior, Carl, Robin Martin, Michael West and Rowena M. Yeats. 2011. â€Å"How Earlobes Can Signify Leadership Potential†. Harvard Business Review, November Issue. Shontell, Alyson. 2011. â€Å"The Legacy Of Steve Jobs: How He Took Apple From Near Bankruptcy To Billions In 14 Years And Changed The World. † Business Insider, October 6. http://www. businessinsider. om/the-legacy-of-steve-jobs-how-he-took-apple-from-near-bankruptcy-to-billions-in-13-years-and-changed-the-world-2011-10 Storms, Cherie. 2011, April 10. â€Å"Managers have subordinates, Leaders have followers. † Cherie Storms – Saving the world one day at a time. http://cheriestorms . wordpress. com/2011/04/10/managers-have-subordinates-leaders-have-followers/ Waddell, Dianne, Gareth R. Jones, Jennifer M. George. 2011. Contemporary Management. 2nd ed. Australia: McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. Zaleznik, Abraham. 1992. â€Å"Managers and leaders: are they different? † Harvard Business Review, March – April Issue.

An Interview with Publishizer Founder Guy Vincent

An Interview with Publishizer Founder Guy Vincent Putting Readers First - An Interview with Publishizer’s founder Guy Vincent Crowdfunding is possibly one of the evolutions in publishing that is most exciting to independent authors who are serious about their work. It turns the traditional publishing model upside down, with readers basically funding the books before they are published, and authors finding an audience before even finishing the manuscript. Last year, we hosted a fascinating interview with Maris Kreizman, from Kickstarter publishing, on how authors could use Kickstarter to, well†¦ â€Å"kickstart† their next book. Today, we’re interviewing a smaller player - but just as exciting!In the past few months, we’ve been impressed by the quality of the projects on the Publishizer platform, as well as the amounts raised (take a look at their â€Å"ended campaigns† here), so we’ve decided to interview the founder, Guy Vincent. He’ll tell you just as useful Publishizer can be for your next book!The print run of Mobile Ready, Publishizer’s first success storyDo certain genres work better than others on Publishizer?It’s still early days for our startup. We started out focusing on startup and business topics, since that’s the community where I had the most connection to writers. Early on we attracted cookbooks, children’s books and a few novels.We can see tha t business authors have a natural tendency to understand having a target reader, marketing plan and publishing strategy. Our business authors are paving the way to help us build our own audience, who we can eventually help to bring them books in other genres they might be interested in, such as fiction.Our authors are encouraged to think of their book as a startup. That means having an entrepreneurial and creative spirit when it comes to promoting their work, experimenting with different marketing tactics and learning what works best for their audience.Authors who have successfully completed a pre-orders campaign on Publishizer can either go on to self-publish, or submit their book proposal to traditional publishers. Now, if you have money and an established reader base, why would you want to sign with a traditional publisher? What more can they offer?Self publishing offers wondrous opportunities for authors, however, it can also be time consuming and some authors might prefer to ha nd over their work to a publisher who can take care of the nitty gritty details.Publishizer helps authors activate and expand their existing audience, and publishers can potentially take the book to the next level through wider distribution channels. There is also still a perceived credibility to having a traditional publisher. If we can help our authors attract the right kind of publisher to bring their book higher up the value chain, we’ll do our best to support this.You insist on the importance of quality cover art, and say it should be left to the professionals. Would you agree that the explosion of self-publishing, where authors have limited budgets, is endangering the quality of graphic design in books?We see a clear parallel with authors who insist on high quality cover artwork and the success of their Publishizer campaign. There are plenty of tools and resources available to allow authors to get a professional looking front cover, without spending much (if anything) u pfront.After a successful preorders campaign, with money in the bank, we notice our authors who go on to become bestsellers really invest in their editing and design, to make their book the best it can be. Professional quality editing and design often doesn’t come cheap, and this is where preorders makes it possible for authors to afford the best services for their book.I feel we’re heading into the golden age of self publishing, where authors have access to the world’s best editing, design and marketing talent. In the future, books won’t be ‘self published’, they’ll be the artistic creation of writers who activated their audience, and hired the best talent to bring their vision to reality. We hope Publishizer can be a part of that vision.And we share that hope. Thanks a lot for your time, Guy!  Follow Publishizer and Reedsy on Twitter:  @publishizer  and @ReedsyHQ  Have you tried a crowdfunding platform for a publishing projec t? Do you also feel like we’re heading into the golden age of self-publishing? Leave us your thoughts, or any questions for Guy, in the comments below!

Polanski essays

Polanski essays Roman Polanski, a director raised in Europe, attended a European film school, bringing with him a European take on cinema. Born in Paris, he then moved to Warsaw, Poland at a young age, and was orphaned when his mother and father were held captive in a concentration camp (Taken from Roman Polanski, Virginia Wright Wexman). The research materials I used were photos taken from Repulsion, 1965, Rosemarys Baby, 1968, and The Tenant, 1976. I have also watched a film documentary called Scene by Scene which gives a breakdown of some of Polanskis films, thus enabling me to get an in-depth look directly at the similarities that arise in Polanskis films; and offered me authentication that auteurs do not make different films, but remake the same one many times. I have a number of newspaper articles and film journals which discuss Polanskis life and films. I chose to study this director as a continuation of my AS course. I on viewing these films by the director discovered there many thematic and technical comparisons, which raised the question in my mind, Is this authorial? My plan is to investigate whether this grants Polanski the status of an auteur. Alienation and psychological breakdown are recurring themes in many of Polanskis films which are explored through a numbers of forms and conventions. These are used in the films I have studied to heighten the effects of loneliness and alienation. The items in my catalogue, website printouts, films text books, are relevant to my research for a number of reasons. The newspaper articles I have obtained focus upon Polanskis turbulent personal life. However, the main area in the more academic journals is his strong visual sense, and his preoccupation with marginalised figures. My research methods consisted of me looking things up on websites, reading books in the library and pho ...

How to Balance a Redox Reaction in a Basic Solution

How to Balance a Redox Reaction in a Basic Solution Redox reactions commonly take place in acidic solutions. The could just as easily take place in basic solutions. This example problem shows how to balance a redox reaction in a basic solution.Redox reactions are balanced in basic solutions using the same half. In summary: Identify the oxidation and reduction components of the reaction.Separate the reaction into the oxidation half-reaction and reduction half-reaction.Balance each half-reaction both atomically and electronically.Equalize the electron transfer between oxidation and reduction half-equations.Recombine the half-reactions to form the complete redox reaction. This will balance the reaction in an acidic solution, where there is an excess of H ions. In basic solutions, there is an excess of OH- ions. The balanced reaction needs to be modified to remove the H ions and include OH- ions. Problem: Balance the following reaction in a basic solution:Cu(s) HNO3(aq) → Cu2(aq) NO(g) Solution: Balance the equation using the half. This reaction is the same one used in the example  but was balanced in an acidic environment. The example showed the balanced equation in the acidic solution was:3 Cu 2 HNO3 6 H→ 3 Cu2 2 NO 4 H2OThere are six H ions to remove. This is accomplished by adding the same number of OH- ions to both sides of the equation. In this case, add 6 OH- to both sides. 3 Cu 2 HNO3 6 H 6 OH- → 3 Cu2 2 NO 4 H2O 6 OH-The H ions and OH- combine to form a water molecule (HOH or H2O). In this case, 6 H2O are formed on the reactant side.3 Cu 2 HNO3 6 H2O → 3 Cu2 2 NO 4 H2O 6 OH-Cancel out the extraneous water molecules on both sides of the reaction. In this case, remove 4 H2O from both sides.3 Cu 2 HNO3 2 H2O → 3 Cu2 2 NO 6 OH-The reaction is now balanced in a basic solution.

Analyse the critical HR actions multinational corporations should take Essay

Analyse the critical HR actions multinational corporations should take to facilitate expatriate adjustmen - Essay Example Whenever a company grows from national to multinational (MNC) to global it has to face new challenges such as organizational culture, workforce diversity, expatriates etc. These issues are unavoidable, inevitable in fact they need to be welcomed and handled properly and effectively for the overall growth and benefit of the company. This paper aims at exploring who exactly are expatriates? Are they really unavoidable and irreplaceable with the local talent? What difficulties expatriates face in acclimatizing and proving their worth? What are the chances of success? How enticing and lucrative it is to take expatriate assignment? Do the benefits outweigh the difficulties? Do only expatriates need adjustment or their fellow local colleagues as well? Why many multinational companies opt for Expatriates instead of hiring new staff in the foreign country? What steps the HR department can take in order to help facilitate the expats adjustment to the new culture, country and way of life. What is the role and responsibilities of HR in making this adjustment as quick efficient and effective as possible? It also includes a study of expatriate cycle which typically includes selection, assignment and repatriation, remuneration and evaluation of their success and failure. Expatriates why are they needed? Whenever a company decides to operate in foreign lands some very obvious differences arise between domestic HRM and International HRM. One very important aspect of international HRM is moving staff across national boundaries with international assignments in various roles to firm’s foreign operations. Such foreign employees are called expatriates. An expatriate can be defined as a individual residing and working momentarily in a country other than their resident nation, employees who have been shifted out of their home base into some other area of firm’s foreign operations. There are three categories of employees in international firms: Host country nationals (H CNs) Parent country nationals (PCNs) Third country nationals (TCNs) PCNs are always expatriates and TCNs are also expatriates but HCNs can become expatriates if they are transferred into parent company operations outside their home country. 1(Peter J 2008) International Assignment creates expatriates HCNs HCNs National border PCNs PCNs TCNs National border The need for expatriates is not questionable for most of the MNE’s . Expatriate have the required technical skill, knowledge and expertise to supervise, assist and monitor local operations. Most of the negativity associated with expatriates is because of the high cost involved. Still most of the MNE’s believe in the cadre of high performance expatriates and are in search of people who are ready for an international business career. What they need to do is to motivate these people to perform well and while capitalizing on their skills improve their outlook and prepare them for their foreign assignment. 2(Daniels, 2007 ) Foreign assignments can be beneficial both for the person and the company. For the individual the following benefits can be seen. 3(K. Aswathappa, 2008) Increased experience of working with different cultures, personnel and work / life styles, this will make the employee more marketable and will improve his outlook. The expatriate is most likely to benefit from tax reductions. Most organizations offer their employees an expat package which

The value of the UK pound is currently determined on a floating Essay

The value of the UK pound is currently determined on a floating exchange rate system, but in the past has been determined on a f - Essay Example In this essay, the fixed exchange rate system and the role of UK in maintaining the pound under the fixed exchange rate system has been discussed. Moreover, to analyse the current exchange rate system adopted by UK, floating exchange rate system has been discussed. Finally, the impact of depreciation of British Pound on the UK economy has been analysed by using relevant data, graphs and tables. Fixed Exchange Rate System In the fixed exchange rate system, the rates fluctuate within narrow boundaries and if the exchange rate starts to move higher, the government maintains the rate within the boundaries (Madura, 2008). In 1944, Bretton Wood Accord introduced the fixed exchange rate system and until 1970s, most of the major world economies were participating in the fixed exchange rate system (Burton & Brown 2009). Burton & Brown (2009) explains that after the introduction of the system, the major industrialised countries met to develop a new international financial system. Under the fix ed exchange rate system, economies agreed that if the trade deficit of an economy increased then they would be able to manage supply of currency in international markets. In the fixed exchange rate system, the government increases the supply of currency when the trade deficit of the country increases. The increased supply of the currency inserts the downward pressure on the exchange rate however, to maintain the pre-decided exchange rate, the central bank of the country purchase the excess supply of its currency. For example, if Britain economy faces trade deficit, the increase in the supply of pounds relative to dollar inserts downward pressure on pound value whereas, decrease in supply of pounds relative to dollar inserts upward pressure on value of pound. The government has the power to intervene in the fixed exchange rate system. Under a fixed exchange rate system, the government is able to manipulate the market value of the other currency in terms of its domestic currency. Howe ver, manipulations can be only done to an agreed-exchange rate. UK government has been playing a significant role in maintaining pound under a fixed exchange rate system. The UK government has always been intervening to keep the agreed-exchange rate within certain boundaries. For example, when the agreed-exchange rate of pound and dollar fluctuated then to keep the rate fixed, the UK government bought or sold pounds with dollars until the market value of the two currencies converged to an agreed level. Floating Exchange Rate System Floating exchange rate system is the system when there is no flexibility in the exchange rate system and the values of exchange rate system are determined by the market forces and they are independent of the government intervention (Madura, 2008). British government adopted the floating exchange rate system in 1992 and after adopting the floating exchange rate system, the Bank of England was no longer able to influence the currency markets. In other words , after adopting the floating exchange rate system, the influence of the government in controlling the exchange rate system finishes. In this exchange rate system, the value of the currency is only determined by the demand and supply of the currency in the foreign exchange market, therefore, market forces play role to influence the

Petrochemical Industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Petrochemical Industry - Research Paper Example In cases of tragedy, it is critical that the reaction is at the quickest time possible. The management and all the employees in the petrochemical plant need to be educated on the risks and hazards they are likely to be at risk to at the plant. Through this at there shall be the minimum likelihood of any kind of accidents occurring at the plant. Although hazards related to flammable gases and toxic gases are common knowledge to personnel who operate in the petrochemical industry, continuous training and refreshment of knowledge on the matter are important in order to avoid any kinds of incidents that may come about as a result.The management should ascertain that all the employees are trained on the risks they are exposed to and ways of responding to them in case of an emergency. All the personnel at all the organizational level should be keenly involved in the detection of any hazards and risks at the plant.The employees should be informed of the risks that they are exposed to while working at the petrochemical plants. Inhaling the toxic gases emitted at the plant on a daily basis exposes an individual to critical diseases. Before one decides to work at the plant, they should make an informed decision on the future implications. Gaseous toxic substances are normally very dangerous because they are invisible and hence hard to detect. Install flammable gas detection system scan at the petrochemical firm as a way of providing a warning to flammable risks before the gas even reaches its flammable level.

Stem Cell Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stem Cell - Research Paper Example The stem cell research has been supported by many who have observed the scope and the need for such a research. However, there are arguments contrary to these by people who effectively disagree with the said phenomena ab initio. In respect of embryonic stem cell research it is argued by many to be an unethical procedure whereby lives of people are taken in the process. The important question in this respect is the ascertain ability of when actual stages of life begin. A blastocyst is where a cluster cells which are known as the inner cell mass is where the embryo is arises. The outer layer of the cells gives rise to the placenta as well as other supporting which are required for fetal development within the uterus and as far as the tissues of the body are concerned they rise by means of the inner cell mass cells. The problem in respect of stem cell research, in particular the embryonic stem cell research was one of the most important political issue of the first tenure of President G eorge W. Bush of the United States of America. The first and foremost action that was undertaken by the aforementioned President was on 09th August 2001 whereby he imposed a ban whereby no federal spending would be done for the reason to obtain new embryonic stem cells from fertilized embryos. The argument put forward by the President was that the said research was destroying human life and therefore such incidents should be curtailed. Furthermore, during the period of the 109th Congress there was a bill passed by both houses which was signed by the President which banned the creation of fetuses by people for the sole reason that they would eventually be destroyed and the body parts would be harvested upon. There were bills passed by the 109th and 110th Congress so as to overturn the band, however, the same were vetoed by the President. Contrary to the said motion, the Senate passed a bill so as to encourage research so as to create stem cells without destruction of human embryos. T he stance in respect of embryonic stem cell research can be said to be a trend worldwide, however the governments of the rest of the world have found that there have been effective contributions that have been made by the research on stem cells and have created a difference. Therefore after such analysis the governments have been granting adequate funds and grants so as to excel the said research. China: The website stemcellschina is a mechanism that has been adopted by way of which people who spread over the entire world are connected with the centers who are actively performing stem cell therapy in China. In January 2004 the Ministry of Science of Technology and Ministry of Health, issued the "Guidelines for Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells," however it can still be easily construed that China is by far the most unrestrictive country in respect of embryonic stem cell research. The guidelines tend to prohibit any research in respect of cloning and state the embryos that are o btained should come only from Spared gamate or blastocyst after in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures;Fetal cells from accidental spontaneous or voluntarily selected abortions;Blastocyst or parthenogenetic split blastocyst obtained by somatic cell nuclear transfer technology; or Germ cells voluntarily donated. Australia: In respect of Australia there is partial support that is research on embryonic stem cells that have been derived by means of the procedure of IVF are allowed, however, reproductive cloning is not allowed. The main

Managing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing - Assignment Example Jacques Derrida similarly presents his lingual dilemma in an influential phrase. H says that although he uses a particular language, he does not own the very language. Jacques is interested in language as a mark of identity and view the two spheres as inseparable. These quotes provides a philosophical onset which an organization can use in fine-tuning their management. Wittgenstein’s view and Derrida’s views are irreconcilable because of notable reasons. Wittgenstein argues that individuals still confront the same philosophical problems because language does not change to reflect new realities. Although the philosopher’s arguments are abstract, he believes that language should adapt to transforming social contexts rather than inform the social contexts. Language arises to express the meaning already embedded in the social contexts. He explains that words have a role beyond representing objects (Wittgenstein 1973, p. 43). This higher role pertains to meaning, which is the most essential part of philosophical discussions. Wittgenstein aspires to give language a liberating from the traditional perceptions that binds its growth. In addition, he emphasizes on the role of contexts in bringing out different meanings of the same word. The philosopher, therefore, pays attention to the contexts from which language grow. In this sense, l anguage may not have any distinct formula as espoused by Western traditional standards. In the contemporary context, Wittgenstein explains the meaning of a word as referring to the sense in which individuals hold the meaning as true. This explains why the philosopher highlights logic as only concerned with the conforming meaning of a sign. The meaning that comes forth emanate from the given rules that guide the usage of the sign (Muhr, Sorensen & Vallentin 2010, p. 82). This refers to the common term of grammatical sense. By describing the use pf

Ethical failures that led to the economic collapse of 2008 Essay

Ethical failures that led to the economic collapse of 2008 - Essay Example This paper outlines the importance of the moral failures, which led to the global financial crisis. The role of ethic lapses is often neglected by economic analysts. It has been said, the root cause of the crisis was greed, which is defined as an excessive and selfish desire for more of something e.g. money than is needed. The list of neglected virtues also includes temperance and, specifically, the ability to prevent the desire for wealth, social recognition, which thus become barriers to proper professional conduct, and complicity, cowardice and lack of strength. There were also behaviors of arrogance, pride and hubris among finances. Also, among regulators, government and economists: all convinced that their know-how and skills were superior to others, that they had no reason to submit the guidance of others, or that they only were above the law. There have been reports of cases of lack of professional competence on the part of the directors, bad governance, senior analysts and managers in companies such as banks, hedge funds, monoclines, rating agencies, supervisory bodies and the government. Often, the role of asset valuation and analysis, and even buying and selling decisions, was given to young professionals with no or little experience in finance. The act resulted to them using sophisticated methods based on overly simple assumptions, but no one dared criticize their work because no one had better models. Their bosses/superiors did not reckon what their subordinates were doing, models they were using, and they did not exercise adequate oversight. These failures were clear mainly in risk management and analysis, leading to key personnel in virtually all major financial institutions were taking excessive risks.

Managing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing - Assignment Example Jacques Derrida similarly presents his lingual dilemma in an influential phrase. H says that although he uses a particular language, he does not own the very language. Jacques is interested in language as a mark of identity and view the two spheres as inseparable. These quotes provides a philosophical onset which an organization can use in fine-tuning their management. Wittgenstein’s view and Derrida’s views are irreconcilable because of notable reasons. Wittgenstein argues that individuals still confront the same philosophical problems because language does not change to reflect new realities. Although the philosopher’s arguments are abstract, he believes that language should adapt to transforming social contexts rather than inform the social contexts. Language arises to express the meaning already embedded in the social contexts. He explains that words have a role beyond representing objects (Wittgenstein 1973, p. 43). This higher role pertains to meaning, which is the most essential part of philosophical discussions. Wittgenstein aspires to give language a liberating from the traditional perceptions that binds its growth. In addition, he emphasizes on the role of contexts in bringing out different meanings of the same word. The philosopher, therefore, pays attention to the contexts from which language grow. In this sense, l anguage may not have any distinct formula as espoused by Western traditional standards. In the contemporary context, Wittgenstein explains the meaning of a word as referring to the sense in which individuals hold the meaning as true. This explains why the philosopher highlights logic as only concerned with the conforming meaning of a sign. The meaning that comes forth emanate from the given rules that guide the usage of the sign (Muhr, Sorensen & Vallentin 2010, p. 82). This refers to the common term of grammatical sense. By describing the use pf

Litigation, mediation, arbitration response Essay

Litigation, mediation, arbitration response - Essay Example major advantages of litigation is that it empowers people to come forward to take legal actions against abusers even after several years of the real incident. When the term ‘abuse’ is taken in broader sense, it involves physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, verbal abuse, financial abuse, social abuse etc. In that context, many of these issues can be sensibly resolved through arbitration and mediation. Hoffman (2nd post) has logically pointed out the swiftness of arbitration in his post. Arbitration in many situations increases the scope of immediate conclusion and reasonable settlement as compared to other alternatives. Hoffman’s view on litigation seems right, for all that matter in litigation is ‘to win over the other’ rather than getting justice. Ferdinand (3rd post) has technical knowledge in all forms of dispute resolutions. Although people consider litigation as the final alternative of resolution, it does not mean that a party cannot later return to an arbitrator or mediator for settlement. 1. The major function of the agency in which I work is to help people resolve issues associated with rent arrears. Admittedly, the dispute resolution service is operational, and it often replaces the formal courts and tribunal hearings with mediation and arbitration. How efficiently and swiftly an issue is settled depends on numerous factors including but not limited to the complexity of the issue, its nature, time required for documentation, position of the parties concerned etc. However, the average time taken for arbitration is three or four months whereas cases that deemed to be more serious are often given priority. since ‘seeking possession’ (The legal way of getting a person evicted) involves several procedures like getting a court order, notice of possession, notice of eviction etc landlords tend to choose third party arbitration. Hence, with regard to rent arrears issues, arbitration has been found more effective way when compared

The Daffodils by W.Wordsworth and Miracle on St.Davids Day by G.Clarke Essay Example for Free

The Daffodils by W.Wordsworth and Miracle on St.Davids Day by G.Clarke Essay Form and meaning of The Daffodils by W.Wordsworth and Miracle on St.Davids Day by G.Clarke. Pre and Post C20th Poetry Comparison. William Wordsworth wrote the poem The Daffodils in 1804, two years later after his experience with the Daffodils. The poem Miracle on St. Davids Day was written by Gillian Clarke around 1980. Miracle on St. Davids Day was written one hundred and seventy-six years after The Daffodils was. The poems are very similar in the way that they both look like poems, having a regular structure. In Miracle on St. Davids Day each stanza apart from the last one has five lines that are all about the same length. In The Daffodils each stanza has six lines that are all about the same length. The poems are different in the way that Miracle on St. Davids Day was written like a story, sentences starting in one stanza and finishing in another. Also this poem does not rhyme, it looks like a poem but sounds like prose. The Daffodils is written as a poem with a regular rhyming pattern. Line one and line three rhyme, line two and line four, and line five and six are a rhyming couplet. This is regular throughout the poem. Both poems are similar as they are true experiences of the writers, and they are written in Modern English. Also the poems are both narrative poems. William Wordsworth was born in 1770, an eighteenth century romantic poet. He described his poetry as emotion recollected in tranquillity, and that remembering is the key. Gillian Clarke was born in the twentieth century and is still alive today. G. Clarke is modern contemporary poet. Wordsworths inspiration for The Daffodils was spring itself, the sense and feeling of spring around him with so many numerous daffodils. Wordsworth allowed himself to be inspired by the beauty of nature and the magic of every year nature dying and freezing over and then coming to life and being re-born again. Wordsworth became caught up in the moment of his real life experience and wanted to savour and treasure it, so he wrote and feelings down on paper. In Wordsworths time you were either poor and hard working, or wealthy with not much to do. Wordsworth had not much to do, so he opened his imagination to write poetry to fill his spare time. With having spare time and no need to be anywhere at a certain time, he explored nature and learnt more about the happenings of nature, which as a poet he respected, and he recorded his discoveries and emotions on paper. Clarkes inspiration for writing Miracle on St. Davids Day, was her personal experience when visiting a mental institution. She was reading poetry to the insane, which happened to awaken a long, repressed memory in one of the patients, whom recites a poem from the days of his youth, forty years ago in a valley school, the class recited poetry by rote. This experience impressed so strongly on Clarkes mind that she wanted to keep her memory of the experience alive, telling the story for ten years to people before writing it in a poem. Clarkes inspiration was the power of memory and the power of poetry. The sounds of her reading poetry to someone triggered a memory so hidden from long ago that I think she was shocked that it could have happened, and inspired her to write it in a poem. Wordsworths purpose in The Daffodils is to express his emotion to the reader, and make the reader feel the daffodils and become lost in a magical world of the beauty of spring just like he himself did. Wordsworth appreciated nature already but wanted to get it across to the reader the moment of tranquillity and peace of mind he had, surrounded by the beautiful daffodils. Clarkes purpose in writing Miracle on St. Davids Day is to tell people about the incident that she witnessed and to show the power of poetry and memory. Clarke wanted people to see that no matter how old the memory was or whether the person had a mental illness or not, as long as there was no memory loss, a memory hidden deep in the back of the mind can be awoken. Any small insignificant thing such as touch, sight, smell, sound or taste can awake it, and that memory is a very powerful thing. Wordsworths The Daffodils has four stanzas in it. The content of stanza one tells us that Wordsworth is walking alone and how he comes across the daffodils and where. Beside the lake, beneath the trees, they were blowing in the wind. Stanza two is where Wordsworth makes a comparison of the beautiful sparkling daffodils to the stars on the Milky Way, which means that there were too many daffodils to count like the millions of stars in the sky, And twinkle on the Milky Way, they stretched in never-ending line. Stanza three explains how content a poet can be amongst these daffodils appreciating their natural sparkling beauty for a poet clearly respects natural beauty and The Daffodils being a true experience for Wordsworth made it a more significant experience in his life. Also Wordsworth describes how the daffodils stand out from anything around them and that only the daffodils are in focus, stopping any thought of any other matter in his head. A poet could not but be gay, in such jocund company. Wordsworth did not realise what effect the sight of the daffodils had brought on him and I do not think he realised that he would be writing about them two years later. Obviously the daffodils stuck in his mind and frequently reminded him of his experience because he was writing about them two years later, and to write about them obviously satisfied his need to express to others the joy the daffodils brought to him. Stanza four is a memory of Wordsworth. He describes his situation of telling the reader in stanza one, two and three of the moment of the experience and stanza four is thinking about the impact of the experience. For oft, when on my couch I lie in vacant or pensive mood G. Clarkes Miracle on St. Davids Day, has nine stanzas in it. The content of stanza one is a quote from the daffodils by W. Wordsworth. At first glance the reader is confused and thinks that it is a misprint on the poem, but then realises that is it connected with the poem in some later stage which makes the reader inquisitive and want to read on. They flash upon that inward eye, which is the bliss of solitude. Stanza two is an introduction to the mental institution but the reader does not know this yet, the reader just absorbs the information described to them in a detailed picture which already mentions daffodils, giving a connection between this poem and The Daffodils. An afternoon yellow and open-mouthed with daffodils. A picture is already in the readers head of a warm, sunny afternoon in spring somewhere in a forest where there is a lot of greenery and a large country house hidden from view, peaceful and graceful. Stanza three is the writer and the narrative voice, Gillian Clarke, describing what she is doing. She tells the reader that she is reading poetry to insane, so we assume that she is in an asylum and not the beautiful, tranquil country house the reader first thought it was. Clarke in stanza three also starts to describe a few of the patients there to the reader. A beautiful chestnut haired boy listens Stanza four is an extension of stanza three. It carries on to describe another patient, a woman at the institution, who is not mad or disturbed as people might think you would be in a mental hospital. She is just mildly mentally absent. She does not dream, or think, or feel, the woman is absent in mind but present physically. In her neat clothes, the woman is absent. Stanza five is also a continuation of stanza four; these three stanzas are all connected. It goes into detail about a certain patient, described as a labouring man. By going into more detail about this patient, the reader thinks that he is a main character or will play quite a large role in the rest of the poem. This poem interests the reader to read further. Stanza six tells us that this patient has never spoken. The huge and mild man stands up to recite The Daffodils. This is where stanza one is linked with the poem. This stanza tells us about the miracle that happens. The miracle is that a man in a mental institution, who has not spoken for a long, long time, is suddenly forced to speak by the power of an awakened memory. To the staff it does not seem such a miracle, as they know that he is an elective mute. Stanza seven is about the nurses and the residents at the institution and the whole of natures reactions. It also describes the man who is reciting The Daffodils and how well he recites it after years of not speaking. The nurses are frozen, alert; the patients seem to listen. Stanza eight is an explanation of how he came to know the poem The Daffodils and why he needed to speak it. It is a trip back in time and a reason for his being in a mental institution. The man came to know the poem, forty years ago, in a Valleys school, the class recited poetry by rote. His reason for being in the asylum is, since the dumbness of misery fell he has remembered there was a music of speech and that once he had something to say. This also explains why he spoke. He had a memory woken inside of him by the narrative voice reading to the insane. Stanza nine finishes off the poem, as so does the man. There is a silent, still moment throughout nature and from the listeners at the mental institution, before the applause, we observe the flowers silence. There is a moment of silent appreciation throughout nature and humanity. The structure of The Daffodils by William Wordsworth is in four equal stanzas. They each have six lines of similar length. The stanzas all look like each other. This is a regular structure. Stanzas one and two have complete sentences but stanza three and four have lines linked with a break in the middle. The rhyming pattern of the Daffodils is that line one and line three rhyme and line two and line four rhyme, and line five and six are a rhyming couplet. This is the regular rhyming pattern that continues throughout the rest of the poem. The poem looks even and neat on the page and has straightforward understanding looking language. The regular rhyming pattern fits in with the simplicity of the event and is a common experience shared by all. Wordsworth has shortened words to make to make them fit in with the flowing of the poem. This brings the structure together and neatens it to make it more readable. For oft, when on my couch I lie oft is the shortened version of often. The structure of The Miracle on St. Davids Day by G. Clarke also has a regular structure but is quite different from the Daffodils. It has eight stanzas all equal in size. They all contain five lines all of similar length, apart from the very last stanza that has only three lines containing the conclusion. When hes done, before the applause, we observe The poem is non-rhyming but flows, by one sentence starting on one line and running onto finish on the next line, such as, A big, mild man is tenderly ledto his chair. This pattern helps to reveal the stages of the miracle because it flows and looks like a poem but sound like prose. This poem is a narrative poem. The narrative voice is Gillian Clarke as it is revealed to the reader that she is there herself telling the readers about her experience. I am reading poetry to the insane. The final stanza leads up to Clarkes final meaning of how a distant memory can be triggered by anything small or large, showing the power of memory. Forty years ago, in a Valleys school, the class recited poetry by rote. William Wordsworth is the narrative voice of The Daffodils as it is revealed to the reader instantly, I wandered lonely as a cloud. This tells the reader that Worsworth is telling the reader about his experience. The style of The Daffodils is peaceful and tranquil. The mood is set dreamily straight away with an image of floating. I wandered lonely as a cloud that floats on high oer vales and hills. It has a romantic style for Wordsworth was a romantic poet, emotion recollected in tranquillity. Wordsworths words flow and run like a song with many images being displayed in front of the readers eyes all at once. Beside the lake, beneath the trees, fluttering and dancing in the breeze. This rhyming style sounds like a song and creates a summer picture of sun glittering on a lake with a soft patch of shade over it from the trees that are gently waving about in the soft and warm breeze in the readers mind. The style of The Miracle on St. Davids Day is completely different to the one of The Daffodils. It changes rapidly. At first it is warm and welcoming, the setting of the poem. First the reader is outside the building admiring the scenery, then the quickly moves to the inside of the building to discover the buildings true nature. The mood is then changed, slightly tense. The poem style is confusing, as there is a lot of a contrast used. Clarke contrasts the look of the patients to their mental illnesses. She has already referred to them as the insane. A beautiful chestnut-haired boy listens entirely absorbed. A schizophrenic. This contrast is quite strong and obvious. The reader imagines a beautiful boy in every way, a good child, normal, content and happy. Then it instantly changes, he is a schizophrenic which changes the readers perspective of the child, as on the outside he is a perfect boy, almost angelic, then we see the inside, corrupted and destroyed of any normality. The language of The Daffodils is in Modern English although some words have been shortened to fit in with the rest of the poem. For example; Oer , means over. That floats on high oer vales and hills. Antiquated vocabulary is also used such as glee and jocund. The English is very straightforward, using both modern and antiquated vocabulary. Stanza one begins with a simile. Wordsworth likens himself to a cloud that is driven by the wind over which the cloud has no control. Here he is telling the reader about his mood and feelings and behaviour in that present moment. His mood is aimless as his feet were driving him in a directionless manner. He just felt a force taking him and a need to wander. I wandered lonely as a cloud. The simile creates a drifting mood. There is then a strong sense of immediacy, all at once. Wordsworth draws the reader in with at once and the readers attention is riveted. There is a great deal of imagery in the first stanza. Crowd and host, both convey a very large number or a numerous amount. In the next line the reader discovers what the crowd is. It is described vividly to the reader with a rich, luxurious and vibrant feel, golden. There is also a religious quality in a host of golden daffodils. A picture is created in the readers head of the golden daffodils glowing and highlighted to stand out from the rest of the world, as if from the heavens. It is like a host of angels. There is a strong assonance in stanza one, the repetition of the vowel sounds ee creates a sense of movement; beside, beneath, trees, breeze. The reader hears a beat, a rhythm creating a sense of the flow of movement and swaying of the daffodils. There is also an ing sound in stanza one that creates a more bouncing effect; fluttering and dancing. This gives stanza one a song like quality. Stanza two opens with a simile and a comparison. Wordsworth compares the daffodils to stars, which stretch endlessly to the human eye. Wordsworth compares the numbers of the daffodils to the vast amount of stars. Continuous as the stars that shine, this means that the daffodils continued beyond the reach of his own eyesight so that there must have been thousands of daffodils or more. They stretched in never-ending line. This conveys an infinite number, enthralling the reader. Wordsworth then gives elevated imagery, stars that shine and twinkle on the Milky Way. This gives the imagery of the daffodils releasing a ray of golden light around them, giving a magical feel. Wordsworth then makes a personification, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. Only something that is alive could dance or toss their heads, so he points out the amount of life in these daffodils. He makes them full of life with vivid movement, sprightly. This is a lovely word to describe the behaviour of the daffodils, and conveys that they are full of movement and spring. The mood is warm, relaxed and light with a romantic atmosphere. In stanza three an image of the whole of Nature alive is presented to the reader, the waves beside them danced. This is the waves of the lake beside the daffodils, leaping about driven by the wind as if dancing to compete with the beauty of the daffodils. This is also a personification of the waves dancing. The mood then changes by the word but, making the reader expect something. After all the describing of the magical and romantic atmosphere, the reader feels pessimistic that something is going to change the whole mood of the poem. The reader then discovers that nothing terrible happens but the but was only to shame the waves, as the daffodils were more effective than the waves out-did the sparkling waves in glee. This means that the daffodils bettered the waves. The atmosphere is now light and fantastic again, glee meaning merriment and cheerfulness. There is a colon in the middle of stanza three indicating a pause, which continues with Wordsworth commenting on his feelings and actions at the present moment. I gazed- and gazed- but little thought. The hyphens slow the line down by breaking it up gradually, this gives the impression of thought to the reader. By doing this Wordsworth indicates the end of the description of the daffodils. There is also a metaphor in this stanza, what wealth to me the show had brought. The wealth in this stanza is a metaphor for the lasting measure of the experience gained by the sight of the daffodils and the emotions that they brought. Stanza four is at a later time, indicating that the poem was a memory flashback. The reader knows this from the first line of the stanza. For oft, when on my couch I lie. It is a reflection of the experience by saying oft which means frequently. The next line creates an empty mood, far away, drifting and dreaming. This tells the reader of Wordsworths longing to be back in that experience. The mood and atmosphere is quite strongly put forward to the reader with vacant or in pensive mood. This means absent and dreaming, inattentive and expressionless but with a thoughtful frame of mind. This shows Wordsworths mood of leaving the world far behind him and trying to enter an ageing memory of an uplifting experience. Stanza four has a special meaning. It is a time in Wordsworths life when he is having a retrospective view of his experience, which is so emotionally overwhelming to him that it has created an extremely long lasting impression in his mind. Wordsworth sums up his feelings from the experience in the last stanza they flash upon that inward eye, here he is saying that the vision of the crowd of daffodils is branded on his imagination for the rest of his life. This brings great happiness to him, which is the bliss of solitude. By using the word bliss, Wordsworth expresses his emotion of complete happiness. It is a religious and holy sounding word making the experience sound even more unreal and magical. solitude, meaning being alone completely with no-one near you at all, tells the reader that this experience was completely personal to him and special, and only he will ever know the true wonder of it even if he describes is as best as he can to others and then my heart with pleasure fills. This is a personification as there is an image of a vase being filled to the brim with pure joy. Also there is another personification in the last stanza, and dances with the daffodils. It is a further personification of a lively person who dances. In this last line Wordsworth is saying that his heart is dancing with the daffodils. Daffodils do not dance, but to Wordsworth they exude life, joy and radiant beauty. Wordsworth is deeply moved by the sight of them and he feels that his heart has gained a new lease of life and that he will look on everything about life and living in a new manner now. The last three lines of stanza four create an angelic and heavenly mood. In The Daffodils Wordsworth is trying to teach the reader to appreciate the beauty of nature and to understand the power of memory. I also think that he is trying to teach the reader about how the effect of just one experience in your life can be so strong and powerful that it can be remembered as vividly as it was the day of the experience many years later. From the title Miracle on St. Davids Day it is revealed to the reader what this poem is about. It is obvious that a miracle is the main point of the poem, meaning something holy yet unexpected. We also find out that it happens on St.Davids Day, which might be of some sort of significance later on in the poem. Underneath the poem is an extract of a well-known poem. To the reader this is some sort of a misprint or mistake, but the author and title of the extract are given also, signifying no mistake. After a read through the reader finds out that it is linked with the fifth stanza, the labourers voice recites The Daffodils. The language of this poem is in Modern English. It is descriptive, non-antiquated, meaning more modernised and less formal, and contemporary. It also has a narrative style. The vocabulary evokes spring, the asylum and re-birth. Examples of vocabulary evoking spring are used in the first stanza to set the scene. An afternoon yellow and open mouthed with daffodils, this gives the reader an impression of freshness, newness and spring, clear and open to the world. Growth and life is suggested in the description of a garden, among cedars and enormous oaks. Nursery shrubs, also suggests this. The vocabulary evoking the asylum is mainly in stanzas two, three, four and six. Immediately it is evoked in stanza two with the words insane and a schizophrenic. In stanza six the impression of the asylum is presented quite clearly with the nurses are frozen, alert; the patients seem to listen. From this the reader learns that the place is some sort of hospital. The vocabulary that evokes rebirth is in stanzas one, five and eight with the reference to the daffodils, which are connected to spring and being reborn. The Miracle on St. Davids Day is in poetic prose to prove that it is a descriptive piece. In stanza one, line one, there is a personification, yellow and open-mouthed. This suggests that the sun creates an image of a bell shaped flower telling the reader of the afternoon speaking of spring. There is another personification in this stanza of sunlight appearing to walk along a path. the path treads the sun among cedars. A country setting where nature dominates is evoked in lines four and five. it might be a country house, guests strolling, the rumps of gardeners between nursery shrubs. The language and arrangement of it gives the reader an image of a place of contentment and relaxation. might be, strongly suggests that they are not guests strolling and it is not a country house setting. This interests the reader to read on further to discover the true nature of the guests. In stanza two images are created of the two characters presented to the reader. The first line of stanza two is a strong contrast to the harmonious setting created in stanza one I am reading poetry to the insane, is an extreme change of tone destroying the peaceful atmosphere. It is a short one line sentence, blunt and sharply in focus. It is what G. Clarke, the narrative voice is doing, proving that what she has written is from personal experience similarly to Wordsworth. G. Clarkes technique is contrast. She contrasts the look of the patients to their mental illnesses. In lines seven and eight an old woman is described as interrupting. Lines nine and ten describe a boy as beautiful and chestnut-haired and then further on as a schizophrenic. Stanza three describes a woman in her neat clothes but mentally absent. The womans description repeats the word not three times to emphasise her mental absence meaning her state of mind is not entirely there, sits not listening, not seeing, not feeling. It is key word emphasising the effect of the illness on the human psyche. There is a total lack of response to the poetry from the woman. The next two lines describe a man as a big, mild man is tenderly led, suggesting he is either dumb or bovine or ox-like, lumbering but good-natured. Line eleven continues from line ten fitting in with G. Clarkes narrative purpose. By mentioning herself, the focus of the reader is brought back to the story telling mode. Line twelve contains a metaphor, in a cage of first March sun a woman. The woman is surrounded by a spotlight of sunlight. She is caught in a cage, which is the asylum and her mental illness. This is three different ways of being trapped emphasising her situation. In the last line of stanza three, the subject of the miracle is introduced although the reader does not know this yet. The sentence is unfinished naturally leading the reader on to stanza four and on with the story. Stanza four continues the sentence begun in stanza three. Imagery is created by the big, dumb labouring man as he rocks. A large imapct is presented to the reader with big and dumb is a large impact conveying contrast of his mental and physical state. In the first line of stanza four the reader discovers that this patient has never spoken, but later we find out that he can and is therefore an elective mute. Line twenty has blunt, shorter words that describe him very well. His psychotic behaviour is presented to the reader with a rocking rhythm created throughout the stanza, repeated. He seems content with the rhythms of the poem, by the image of rocking. His labourers hands on his knees, he rocks. ..to the big, dumb labouring man as he rocks. Rocks is repeated twice in the stanza so that a movement is created in the stanza and to emphasise his mental condition. There is also an oxymoron in this stanza, I read to their presences, absences.It is two opposite things put together. Here t he patients are there in physical state but not in a mental state. Stanza five introduces the beginnings of the miracle with an alliteration. He is suddenly standing, silently. These are quiet but powerful words giving the thought to the readers head that something of extreme importance to the poem is going to happen. The reader has already heard of the man as big and mild but now he is huge and mild, now that he has stood up. He is quite a presence, but from the repeated word mild, we know that he is really a gentle giant. Although he sounds a gentle giant his presence is intimidating. The impact of him standing evokes a sense of fear in the poet, but I feel afraid. Huge and mild are straight forward language but give a large impact. There are two similes in stanza five, Like slow movement of spring water, creating the image of after winter, snow and ice have almost all melted and it is slow and heavy, trickling down a hill side. Images of light and dark are created with the first bird of the year in the breaking darkness. This tells the reader tha t the mans voice is coming out of the darkness. His voice is being reborn or regenerated symbolising the whole newness of spring. Stanza six is the response or reaction to the reaction of the poem, from the staff, the patients and the whole of nature. The nurses are frozen, the nurses are shocked and in amazement to the reaction that this man had to the poem. The nurses are also alert, because this is a very unusual occurrence and they have to be alert and ready to act in any medical capacity needed. The other patients also seem to listen for once, being attentive and showing recognition of the miracle. There are two halves to the poem from different sides of the reaction, the patients reaction and the staff. He is hoarse but word-perfect, this tells the reader that he has obviously not spoken for a very long time although there must be some reason for this. His voice is croaky from the lack of use of it, but his memory is very powerful and he has not yet forgotten any of it from his days of youth. Nature outside also seems to listen to the mans recital, outside the daffodils are as still as wax, they are awake, attentive and listening, but somehow they look like they have been carved, awakening daffodils from long ago. Their syllables unspoken, show that nature waits for the recital of the poem to end. The daffodils symbolise spring and rebirth, in many forms. The rebirth of the mans voice. There is one personification at the end of the stanza, their syllables unspoken, suggesting that the daffodils can speak. There is a reference to The Daffodils in stanza six ten thousand, stating the amount of daffodils outside there are, which are the exact words used in The Daffodils by Wordsworth. Stanza seven is a flashback of the mans youth and how he came to learn the poem that he recites. The flash back offers an insight or explanation of how he is able to stand up and recite the poetry. There is one metaphor in this stanza, a music of speech. A music of speech is a voice inside of him with a very strong force and the power of memory needing to get out and tell others of this force. Music is symbolic for harmony and now once more the man is in harmony with himself, between his vocal chords and his intellect. The inner harmony within him shows the importance of poetry on the soul. This stanza emphasises the effect of nature on us all and the power of nature on the human psyche. Stanza eight is when the silence, stillness and attentiveness throughout stanza six, seven and eight, breaks. The man finishes the recital and the patients and the staff firstly observe natures attentiveness and then the applause comes telling the reader that the change in nature during the recital did not go unnoticed. When hes done, before the applause, we observe the flowers silence. The end of this line is a personification of the flowers being able to listen and change their mood by choice, the flowers silence. A thrush sings, tells the reader of how the atmosphere changes and nature goes back to normal. It also suggests to the reader that this was the expected miracle, permanently changing the mans life for the better. It seems that the mans illness has either been taken away by some angel of nature or has taken a new extremely unexpected turn. The last line contains a metaphor, the daffodils are flame, giving the reader an image of heat, power, intensity and life. The daffodils are alive and have awoken from the dream or other life whilst they were listening, just like the mans mental state. Clarke was trying to teach the reader that the power of voice and poetry can be forever lasting in a strong memory, even if the memory is very distant it can be triggered. Learning a piece by heart, once engraved on the brain may never be lost. Many things can unlock this memory but in particular the power of nature, voice and poetry can recall it most strongly. Even if mentally ill a memory can be recovered and even sometimes a memory lost long ago with the help of nature, can even cure an illness bringing the person back with their mental and physical state. I have learnt a lot from studying these two poems. The poems are completely different and contrast in many ways, but they also link with each other also. I had not heard of either of the two poems before, although The Daffodils by William Wordsworth is quite a well-known poem. Both poems being new to me they were fresh and interesting. Studying these poems has taught me to appreciate the wonder of nature more and recognise the power of memory. I cannot say which poem I prefer as they are entirely different, but I probably enjoyed reading The Daffodils more, because it was light and dreamy with a bouncy rhythm to it. It also seemed more unrealistic which appeals to me more. My profound experience with nature happened last summer. I go out horse riding every weekend with a friend of mine in Brockenhurst. We spend the whole day exercising the horses and exploring the forest. One weekend we were walking along a track in the forest, we turned round to the right at the end of the track, into a clearing and we stopped straight away. In front of us, at the bottom of a wide decreasing slope was a herd of deer. Right at the front of the herd was a white stag. He was proud, wise, noble and valiant looking with the golden sun adoring him, giving him a halo effect. Everything seemed to be silent as if time had been stopped, we were in a moment all of our own. The sun was beating down on us from behind us, as if to illuminate the stag and his herd. We just stared at the stag and he seemed to stare back. The stag held our gazes, which seemed to last forever. He then proudly turned around and walked through the centre of the herd into the dark and shaded forest. He did not turn his head, but the rest of the herd walked behind him as if trying to match noble quality but none succeeded. I will never forget that, as I had never seen a white stag before and probably will never again.

Evidence For And Against Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay

Evidence For And Against Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay Climate Change is a very controversial global issue which has committed supporters and detractors. Critically evaluate the evidence for and against climate change and provide your own assessment of the current and future risks that the planet faces by 2050. It is expected that you will give a broad view of your subject giving weight to policy, regulatory, economic and risk management impacts as well as health and environmental impacts. Use a case study to illustrate a key component of the climate change agenda. The worlds climate is changing and the consequences are serious, wide ranging and long-term. Despite the overwhelming scientific consensus that this is happening, the issue of climate change has its detractors, whose opposition to the phenomenon range from disagreeing about the extent of the problem, the extent of mans influence, to the accuracy of the modeling techniques. During the essay the evidence from both sides will be evaluated and the current and longer term economic, social, and environmental effects assessed. The definitions of climate change vary greatly, but the two most useful are the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) definition where broadly speaking climate change relates to a change in climate which is attributed, directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and that is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) which refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity, which is perhaps a more useful definition. Firstly before looking at the evidence for climate change it is useful to understand the global energy flow (radiative budget), which was first suggested by Kiehl and Trenbirth (1997), illustrated in picture 1 below: Picture 1 The incoming solar radiation, often labelled in percentage terms, must match the outgoing short and longwave radiation to achieve radiative equilibrium. Radiative forcing is the measure of the influence that a specific factor has in altering the balance of this incoming and outgoing energy, and is therefore a useful indication of the importance of that factor to change the climate. Positive forcing will generally mean that the surface of the earth is warmed, whilst negative forcing tends to cool the surface. The Kyoto protocol, adopted in December 1997 and entering into force in February 2005, committed all Annex1 countries (39 industrialised countries the EU) to a reduction in four greenhouse gases (Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide and Sulfur hexafluoride) and two groups of gases called hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) (often found in refridgerants) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) (also in refridgerants but having a wide variety of medical and non-medical uses and according to Askam, Khalil et al. (2003) having a lifetime up to 50,000 years). Carbon dioxide is perhaps the most studied and well known of the anthropogenic GHGs. Since some infra-red radiation leaving the planet is absorbed by CO2, the greater the CO2 the greater the absorbtion and reflection of heat and the warmer the climate. Perhaps the most significant indicator of the increase in the level of CO2 in the last 50 years is shown in graph 1 below. This is the measurement of CO2 concentrations as measured in Hawaii, far from industrial areas so no localised bias is present, though these measurements have been replicated around the world (e.g. Pieter P. Tans and Thomas J. Conway 1968-2002) Monthly Atmospheric CO2 Mixing Ratios from the NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Carbon Cycle Cooperative Global Air Sampling Network, 1968-2002. NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, U.S.A.) Graph 1 Image created by Robert A. Rohde / www.globalwarmingart.com Similar measurements have been found in ice core samples, which enable us to get a much better picture over time. Graph 2 below shows the CO2 variations over time from the past 420,000 years. Graph 2 Image created by Robert A. Rohde / www.globalwarmingart.com This shows the CO2 levels fluctuating in line with the ice-ages, however, the most important section is the insert the marked increase since the industrial revolution from around 1750/1800. A clear indication of humans influence. More evidence is given in the IPCC 4th Annual Report Working Group summary that the concentration of atmospheric CO2 has increased from 280ppm (pre-industrial level) to 379ppm in 2005. In addition the annual CO2 concentration growth was larger during the last 10 years (1995-2005 : 1.9ppm per year) than it has been since the beginning of continuous direct atmospheric measurements (1960-2005 : 1.4 ppm per year). In a similar fashion the levels of Methane (from a pre-industrial level of 715ppb to 1732ppb in the early 1990s and 1774ppb in 2005) and Nitrous oxide (from pre-industrial levels of roughly 270ppb to 319ppb in 2005) have increased markedly over recent years. Looking at the radiative forcing discussed earlier the There are many different indications of how the climate has altered, and over several different timescales ranging from the most recent 150 years since 1860, since roughly the time of industrial revolution since 1750 and for the past 10-100 thousand years. Each of these will be looked at in turn. The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change in its most recent report in 2007 stated: Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level. Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. This is an advance since the TARs conclusion that most of the observed warming over the last 50 years is likely to have been due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. Discernible human influences now extend to other aspects of climate, including ocean warming, continental-average temperatures, temperature extremes and wind patterns The time series shows the combined global land and marine surface temperature record from 1850 to 2009. The year 2009 was the sixth warmest on record, exceeded by 1998, 2005, 2003, 2002, and 2004. This time series is being compiled jointly by the Climatic Research Unit and the UK Met. Office Hadley Centre. The record is being continually up-dated and improved (see Brohan et al., 2006). This paper includes a new and more thorough assessment of errors, recognizing that these differ on annual and decadal timescales. Increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to human activities are most likely the underlying cause of warming in the 20th century. Brohan, P., J.J. Kennedy, I. Harris, S.F.B. Tett and P.D. Jones, 2006: Uncertainty estimates in regional and global observed temperature changes: a new dataset from 1850. J. Geophysical Research 111, D12106, doi:10.1029/2005JD006548 http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/info/ Detractors In a debate that has become highly polarised the label climate sceptic is readily slapped on anybody who stands on the soapbox and contradicts Al Gore. In reality, the sceptic landscape is more varied, ranging from those scurrilously pursuing scientific truth to others with more obvious economic or political gains to play for. Richard Lindzen, an American atmospheric physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has been one of the most vocal in expressing concerns over the validity of computer models used to predict future climate change. He argues that they may be over-predicting future warming due to a failure to properly account for the climate systems water vapour feedback. However he has also been an active contributor to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment reports. Gavin Schmidt, a climatologist at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies commented that Lindzen agrees with about 90 per cent of what other climate scientists are saying, yet the last 10 per cent is sufficiently different to label him a contrarian. Stephen McIntyre, editor of sceptic blog ClimateAudit and former director of several state-owned Canadian mineral exploration companies, is known in the climate science community for his continual demands for raw data. McIntryre was behind an orchestrated campaign that led to 60 Freedom of Information requests being made to CRU scientists at the University of East Anglia in a single weekend in July. However, while potentially vexatious, McIntyre has made genuine scientific contributions, notably spotting a mistake in NASA data that led to the average US temperatures to be reduced about 0.15C for the period 2000-2006. Philip Stott, an emeritus professor of biogeography at the University of London (although not a published climate scientist), has publicly argued that the climate is too complex and chaotic a system to make long-term predictions on. None of these scientists are climate change deniers, but they question the certainty of the scientific consensus. Several Tory MPs have recently contradicted the Green Conservative line of the Cameron era. Peter Lilley, one of only three MPs to vote against the governments Climate Change Bill in October, has accused climatologists of an unconscious conspiracy in which a dogmatic determination to conform to a consensus driven by the incentive of public funding has made them happier to let the data fit the theory rather than the opposite. David Davis has also spoken out on what he describes as a ferocious determination to impose hair-shirt policies on the public. Taxes on holiday flights and noisy wind turbines are too high a price to pay, he suggests. Both MPs claim to be open to the possibility that man has significantly contributing to climate change, but both remain unconvinced by the evidence. Former Tory Chancellor Nigel Lawson, has also publicly stepped up his opposition to environmental policy, founding the think tank, the Global Warming Policy Foundation, complete with a board of fairly distinguished academics to provide scepticism with a respectable face. However, the think tank was this week accused by scientists of appearing to misrepresent scientific data on its website. At the far end of the spectrum, figures such as Sarah Palin appear to be happy to disregard scientific evidence wholesale in favour of economic gain. Despite substantial differences in outlook, bundled together under the sceptic brand, the views of these individuals appear to be increasingly gaining favour with the public in the lead up to Copenhagen. PLAN For climate change Against climate change Case study Assessment of current risks Assessment of future risks to 2050

The Use of Humour in The Opposite Sex. :: English Literature

Discuss the use of humour in The Opposite Sex. The Opposite Sex is a small story, which although diminuitive in length, fits its' purpose well as a humourous short read. The use of language, the portrayal of certain images and the dexterous use of imagery in literary terms such as similies are all well within place in the story- all contributing to the laughable effect that it has upon its' readers. I believe that 'The Opposite Sex' is set and based on the times that the writer Laurie Lee had when he was a young boy. This helps to link the story into modern age circumstances, that although it has been a few years since Lee was a young boy, as proven in my Julius Caesar essay, human nature does not change. Therefore the reader finds it easier to relate to. The story is written very informally, rather like a 'chatty' style, this helps to create a better link between the writing and the reader themselves. This is shown in the very first line of 'The Opposite Sex'. Only six words in, the word 'sex'is used. To many this would be shocking, but also a small pointer in the direction of an exciting read. When Lee describes how his life was as open as a 'cucumber frame' and that sex to him was a 'constant force like the national grid', we begin to see his imaginative use of similies, which are used well by Lee to create good humourous effect. One of the funniest parts from the story follows, as Lee describes how he felt about sex, using lots of tricky similies and using the comparison between sex and a 'game of cricket'. 'After years of lazily inspecting the pitch, came when I was suddenly called to play'. This shows that Lee had been concious of sex for a long time, but his burst for it had only just emerged as he was 'called to play'. He then writes- 'There had of course, been early practice at the nets, some of it solitary..". I found this particular extraction from the story very humourous, as Lee is using such phallic symbols as these, which is paving the way for the reader to imagine what he's actually getting it, so therefore it would apply to everybody's sense of humour. Then he writes, '..the occasion arrived when I actually stood at the crease, bat in hand, ready to strip the willow'. I also found this particular part very amusing, as mentioned before, I can imagine what he's getting at here. It's a clever use of a set of phallic symbols which serve to take place of any crude language and also help to add

Online Inquiry Essay

Introduction Resorts are places used for relaxation or recreation, attracting visitors for holidays or vacations. They contain swimming pools where people can relax and enjoy together with their families and friends. Most of the resort today includes rooms for overnight accommodation. Before, resorts consist of only cottage, a room with a bed has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including en-suite bathrooms and air conditioning or climate control, function hall for events, spa and an in-house restaurant. The cost and quality of hotel & resorts are usually indicative of the range and type of services available. Due to the enormous increase in tourism worldwide during the last decades of the 20th century, standards especially those of smaller establishments have improve considerably. Today, many systems have used an automation process like using online computer system, due to the efficiency and accuracy. â€Å"Online Inquiry and Resort Reservation System† is a transaction processing system that has more advantages rather than a manual Resort Reservation. Prior to the Internet, travelers could write, call the resort’s telephone directly, or use a travel agent to make a reservation. Nowadays, resorts have their own website where anyone can view information on prices and deals. Today, most of the Resorts provide goods and services using online computer system. It helps to perform task in an easy way with less time consumed and enhance the operating efficiency, improve the service experience as well as provide a means to access markets on a global basis. Background of the Study Rhosean Garden Resort is owned by Mr. Jhun —— and started on ——. It is located at Baliti-Panipuan Road, City of San Fernando, Pampanga with a total lot area of ________. Currently, apart from the streamers that are posted on the roads, the resort uses the Facebook account for its advertisement and marketing purposes. The resort uses manual style of transacting business with its customers. It uses the manual process in reserving and logging in names of customers. People who plan to make a reservation should make a telephone call to its number posted in their streamers or in their Facebook account. With the rapid growth of guests’ inquiring for about __ to __ persons a day plus the walk – in customers, the management somehow is experiencing insufficiency and inadequate manpower sources. This situation, prompted the researcher to propose as â€Å"Online Inquiry & Reservation System so that the interested parties would be informed. Its establishment with an online system support is a great help to the customers especially nowadays we are living in a modern world with technology makes our world faster and easier. Most often, the management encountered several problems in reservation like phone calls misunderstanding; conflicts regarding the availability of rooms, the guest reserves a room personally without knowing that the rooms are fully booked. Waste of time for the customers and they have to find other resort when the rooms are fully booked. In relation to this, the researcher leaded decided to develop a system that will simplify the task of traditional booking. The proposed system will provide users an easy to use interface that improves the people in utilizing the web today. Online Inquiry and Reservation System aims to develop an official webpage system that will help the management to post and retrieve information easily and accurately. Increasingly potential customers are looking for relaxation and accommodations thus oftenly searching online. Gone are the days when customers had to rely on resort brochures when planning a holiday vacation. With the support of the online system, the customers can easily search out the availability of the resort. Statement of the Problem The proposed system deals with the problems by the management as well as the guests. The study is divided into general problem and specific problems. 1.2.1 General Problem The main problem that the researcher seek to find is how to develop an Online Inquiry and Reservation System of Rhoseane Garden Resort? 1.2.2 Specific Problems Listed below are the specific problems extracted by the researcher in the course of his study. 1.2.2.1 Conflicts regarding room availability. Instance when customer personally reserves a room without inquiry or knowing that the rooms or cottages are fully booked. 1.2.2.2 Phone call misunderstanding. The management finds it hard to have a clear conversation with the customer over the telephone with regards to the needed information for his/her reservation or inquiry. 1.2.2.3 Limited exposure of the resort marketability Since the resort only uses some brochures tarpaulins as for advertisement, its popularity is restricted to only to those who see and receive the advertisement – ads. 1.2.2.4 Difficulty in searching and retrieving of files. Manually searching and retrieving of files or records of reservation from logbooks. Rationale Technology changes everything today. From the way we live and from the way we do things. Website’s and Online Marketing and Advertisement are the key to attract more customers. Old way’s to make a reservation in a resort is to personally go to the resort and make a reservation which nowadays is not very efficient. A Online Reservation System with 3D mapping for Rhosean Garden Resort will be developed in order to improve and modernize their old manual reservation system. Like any other resort using online reservation to help the customer make reservation faster this will help to make faster and more accurate reservation for the customer. 1.3 Objectives of the Study Based on the aforementioned problems, the researcher formulated objectives so as to answer the said problems. The objectives are divided into the general objective and the specific objectives. 1.3.1 General Objectives This study intends to develop an Online Inquiry & Reservation System for Rhosean Garden Resort that will help the management and the customers. 1.3.2 Specific Objectives The specific problems will be given solution through the following specific objectives: 1.3.2.1 To develop a system that will avoid conflicts in room reservation. A system that shows the current room reservation in order to monitor the rooms that are already reserved and if the resort is fully booked. 1.3.2.2 To develop a system that will provide an alternative way of having reservation which is through online. This will lessen the number of reservation calls thus also preventing misunderstanding in conversation. 1.3.2.3 Increase the marketability of the resort by developing a website. The website will widen resort’s market and can be accessed by anyone surfing the net. 1.3.2.4 To develop a system the will provide a database of all the room reservations. Provides an easy way of searching reserved rooms and retrieving of previous records of reservation. Scope and Delimitation The scope covers everything that the proposed system will be able to do in contrary, the limitations set the shortcomings that the system is not capable of doing. 1.4.1 Scope Reservation by the customer is available online by signing up the membership form first before he/she can have a reservation. Customer can also make a reservation through phone or by walk-in. Customer can also reschedule his reservation 1.4.2 Delimitation Rhosean Reservation System is designed to manage all types of Room. Cottege, Villa, etc bookings, made directly by guests .Its powerful reservation, marketing & merchandising features give you the ability to control dynamic room, The reservation system will allow you to dynamically control all of your reservation without the need for an expensive web designer. 1.5 Significance of the Study We want to know the reasons of hotel & resort in using manual reservation and conduct a study towards the topic because we notice some of the hotel & resort still use manual reservation. The study will emphasize the effects of using manual reservation and how an online computerized†¦ 1.5.1 Economic The economy are the customer, the significance of our study is that customer can efficiently and easily make reservation thus helping the resort make more income and help the economy. 1.5.2 Educational Our Study will help us learn more about making database for any client. Widening our knowledge in programming language to help us in future projects. 1.5.3 Technological It will help the resort overcome its manual reservation system to a online system that will increase the efficiency and lessen the errors and misunderstanding of customers making reservation. 1.5.4 Social Significance if we will help Make the resort more widely known to the public. More exposure means more income more customers. 1.6 Definiton of Terms Marketing Exposure – is the process of communicating the value of a product or service to customers Marketability – is a form of marketing and used to encourage or persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners; sometimes a specific group) to continue or take some new action. Website – is a set of related web pages containing content such as text,images, video, audio, etc., accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network through an Internet address known as a Uniform Resource Locator. Database – is a structured collection of data. The data is typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality (for example, the availability of rooms in hotels), in a way that supports processes requiring this information (for example, finding a hotel with vacancies). Reservation – an arrangement to secure accommodations at a restaurant or hotel, on a boat, or plane, etc. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE & STUDIES 2.1 Local Literature 2.2 Local Studies 2.3 Foreign Literature 2.4 Foreign Studies An article posted on â€Å"www.rezdy.com† says that you’re one step ahead of the game, tipping the scales in your favor when prospects research and compare your capabilities against your competitors. Of course, the presence of an online reservation system itself is not enough to make or break the customer flow. You still need to make sure the other aspects of your site (like imagery, for example) are in the best shape to minimize the amount of visitors that bounce off it. According to an article review about Online Reservation by Peter S. Murray. The system helps speed up cash flow. The old barrier in the way of online payment systems was trust, but this is no longer an issue. The risk of credit card fraud or scam is extremely low for online payment gateways. The online reservation system you choose should have an â€Å"SSL certificate† on its payment page to ensure users that you are legitimate. Online reservation systems speed up your cash flow just by being there. There’s less capital outlay on your end because you don’t have to hire staff to manage customers or pay rent for a physical space. Also, once customers book through it, money goes straight into your account – no lag time here. They’re also more accurate than you probably are when it comes to mathematical calculations. You can set up coupon codes and discount offers without triple-checking whether you got the math’s right. A review article made by Dianne J. Harrison for online reservation. It says it’s convenient and fast for you and your customer. Location is not an issue, and neither is time. The virtual set-up means you won’t need to wake up at unholy hours to take resrvatation calls from potential clients halfway around the world. While you dream of being the best damn resort there is, people are going through the process of finding your site, browsing through its content, and making a reservation. Travellers veer towards tour and activity sites that support online reservation because not only is it easy, but they usually find some great discount deals, too. They can read up on your business, look at your options, and finally make a reservation without being hassled by a pushy sales representative. A study made by Carlton K. Sullivan says it can give the business a precise head count By using an online reservation system, owners can have a precise running head count of reservations. Precise head counts can circumvent the problem of underbooking to avoid disappointing customers, or overbooking to make sure a sufficient number of actual transactions go through. The system can also be set up to record unique visits to the website to help the owners collect information on how well the site is working to attract customers. An article called â€Å"Making Your Business A Hit† by Dale C. Coleman By introducing this online reservation system, you simply increase your efficiency in providing quick and accurate confirmation to your guests. There is no more waiting time! You can also eliminate the problems of time-difference and minimize the human errors by giving wrong information with email confirmation. this is an excellent way to manage your customer and to gain higher yield.